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Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica (c. 100/98 BC – 46 BC), in modern scholarship often as Metellus Scipio, was a Roman consul and military commander in the Late Republic. During the civil war between Julius Caesar and the senatorial faction led by Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), he remained a staunch optimate. He led troops against Caesar's forces, mainly in the battles of Pharsalus and Thapsus, where he was defeated. He later committed suicide. Ronald Syme called him "the last Scipio of any consequence in Roman history."〔Ronald Syme, "Imperator Caesar: A Study in Nomenclature," ''Historia'' 7 (1958), p. 187.〕 ==Family connections and name== Metellus Scipio was born Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica. His grandfather was the P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio who was consul in 111 BC; his father Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (born 128 BC) married Licinia Crassa, daughter of the L. Licinius Crassus who was consul in 95 BC. The father died not long after his praetorship (c. 93 BC),〔Cicero, ''Brutus'' 212.〕 and was survived by two sons and two daughters. The brother was adopted by their grandfather Crassus, but left little mark on history.〔Ronald Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'' (Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 244.〕 Publius Scipio, as he was referred to in contemporary sources early in his life, was adopted in adulthood through the testament of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, consul in 80 BC and ''pontifex maximus''. He retained his patrician status: "Scipio's ancestry," notes Syme, "was unmatched for splendour."〔Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', p. 244.〕 As Jerzy Linderski has shown at length,〔Jerzy Linderski, "Q. Scipio Imperator," in ''Imperium sine fine: T. Robert S. Broughton and the Roman Republic'' (Franz Steiner, 1996), pp. 148–149. The adoption is recorded by Cassius Dio, 40.51.3, where he is referred to with his adoptive praenomen but birth ''nomen'' as "Quintus Scipio"; for the passage, see Bill Thayer's edition at LacusCurtius (online. )〕 this legal process constitutes adoption only in a loose sense; Scipio becomes a Caecilius Metellus in name〔''Condicio nominis ferendi'': a condition of accepting the inheritance was to preserve the name of Metellus Pius, who died without a male heir; Linderski, p. 148.〕 while inheriting the estate of Metellus Pius, but was never his "son" while the ''pontifex maximus'' was alive. He was called "Metellus Scipio" but also sometimes just "Scipio" even after his adoption. The official form of his name as evidenced in a decree of the senate was "Q. Caecilius Q. f. Fab. Metellus Scipio."〔Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', p. 244 ( online. ) Linderski asserted that the official form of his name is unknown because the ''Fasti Consulares'' for 52 BC are lost; see "The Dramatic Date of Varro, ''De re rustica'', Book III and the Elections in 54," ''Historia'' 34 (1985), p. 251, note 21. Linderski later amplified his view Scipio's nomenclature in the ''Imperium sine fine'' essay.〕 Scipio married Aemilia Lepida, daughter of Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus (consul 77 BC), but was not without rival in the match. The virginal Cato had also wanted to marry Aemilia and lost out in the seduction: The couple had one son, a Metellus Scipio who seems to have died when he was only 18.〔''CIL'' XIV.3483 (=I2 in Tibur).〕 Another son may have been born around 70, or a son may have been adopted. The couple's much more famous daughter was born around that time as well.〔Syme explores the possibilities pertaining to a little attested son in ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', pp. 245ff.〕 Scipio first married off the celebrated Cornelia Metella to Publius Crassus, the son of Marcus Licinius Crassus. After Publius's premature death at Carrhae, Scipio decided to succeed Caesar as the father-in-law of Pompeius, who was at least thirty years older than Cornelia. The marriage is one of the acts by which Pompeius severed his alliance to Caesar and declared himself the champion of the optimates. He and Scipio were consuls together in 52. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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